Hormonal overproduction Clinical effects 008

Hormonal overproduction Clinical effects 008

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Prolactin

Hypogonadism, if hyperprolactinemia is sustained. Women Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility . Men-Decreased libido, impotence, and rarely galactorrhea⁽⁴⁶⁾

Growth hormone

·      Children and adolescents - May result in pituitary gigantism

·      Adults - Acromegaly

Changes in the size of the hand and feet, coarseness of the face, frontal bossing, and prognathism result. Further changes in the voice, and hirsutism, confirm the diagnosis.  Acromegaly frequently results in glucose intolerance, with 20% of patients progressing to diabetes mellitus.  Respiratory difficulty and sleep apnea are fairly common.  Cardiac complications result from acromegalic cardiomyopathy.  Although patients' have a bulky appearance, they are generally weak as a result of associated myopathy.  Carpal tunnel syndrome is seen frequently.  Lumbar canal stenosis can present with a syndrome resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.  Acromegaly may be associated with colonic polyps, although an increased colon cancer incidence has not been shown definitively⁽⁴⁴⁾.

Cushing disease

Weight gain, centripetal obesity, moon facies, violet striae, easy bruisability, proximal myopathy, and psychiatric changes. Other possible effects-Arterial hypertension, diabetes, cataracts, glaucoma, and osteoporosis⁽⁴⁷⁾

Incidence

In the United States: Pituitary tumors represent anywhere between 10% and all intracranial tumors. at pituitary tumors are found in approximately 10% of autopsies .

The incidence of acromegaly is approximately 3 per million. Acromegaly has no sex predilection 

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